![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() General Francisco Franco took it upon himself to erase the memory of his opponents, both metaphorically and literally, by killing those who had fought for democracy against fascism and making them disappear. Memories offer an alternative to institutionalized historiography and serve as a site of contestation for official narratives. The recovery of the voices of Francoism’s victims has been central to Spain’s transitional justice but the efforts reveal limitations when works by women like Penyas are the exception. In 2018, Ana Penyas became the first woman to win the National Comic Award in Spain for Estamos todas bien (We women are all fine) (2018), 1 a beautifully crafted graphic novel that rescues her two grandmothers’ memories of struggle during General Francisco Franco’s dictatorship (1939-75). ![]()
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